Class Note 9.Geography.Chapter 2. Physical Features of India
कृण्वन्तो विश्वमार्यम.
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Class IX.
S.St. NCERT. Class Notes. Chapter 2.Geography.
S.St. NCERT. Class Notes. Chapter 2.Geography.
Session 22 – 23. 17th of February 2020.
The Physical Features of India.
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Class 9. Geography
Chapter 2. Physical features of India.
Inside Questions
Q.1 What are the major physiographic division of India?
Answer : The physical features of India are grouped under the following physiographic division are as follows.
a. The Himalayan range
b. The Northern plains
c. The peninsular plateau
d. The Indian desert
e. The coastal plains
f. The islands
Q.2 What is the length and width of the Himalayas?
Answer : The Himalayas cover a distance of 2400 Km. Their width varies from 400Km in Kashmir to 150 Km in Arunachal Pradesh.
Q.3 According to the longitudinal extent, what are the classifications of the Himalayas?
Answer : The Himalya consists of three parallel ranges in its longitudinal extent i.e.
a. Himadri
b. Lesser Himalaya/ Himachal
c. Shiwaliks
Q.4 Write the altitudes of Himadri, lesser Himalaya and Shiwalik.
Answer : Himadri:- 6000 metres
Lesser Himalaya:- 3700 m to 4500km
Shiwaliks:- 900m to 1100 m
Q.5 What are duns? Name some of them.
Answer : The longitudinal valley lying between laser Himalaya and the Shiwaliks are known as duns for eg. Dehradun, Kotli dun and patli dun.
Q.6 What are the latitudinal divisions of the Himalaya?
Answer : The Himalayas have been divided into 4 Himalayas on the basis of regions from west to east. for eg, region lying between Indus and Sutlej rivers is known as Punjab Himalaya. Region lying between Sutlej and Kali rivers is known as Kumaon Himalaya.
The region between Kali and Teesta river is known as Nepal Himalayas
The region between Kali and Teesta river is known as Nepal Himalayas
And the part lying between Teesta and Dihang rivers is known as Assam Himalayas.
Q.7 What are tributaries?
Answer : The narrow channels of rivers or streams flowing into a larger river or lake are known as tributaries. For eg, "the Illinois River, a tributary of the Mississippi"
Q.8 What are distributaries?
Answer : The rivers in their lower course split into numerous channels due to the deposition of silt. These channels are known as distributaries.
Q.9 Name the hills which comprise the Purvanchal.
Answer : The Purvanchal comprises the Patkai hills, the Naga hills, the Manipur hills and the Mizo hills.
Q.10 Name the major rivers system start formed the Northern plains.
Answer : The northern plains has been formed by the interplay of three major river systems namely-- the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries.
Q.11 What is riverine Island?
Answer : A landmass formed within a river is known as riverine islands.
Q.12 Which is the largest inhabited riverine island in the world?
Answer : Majuli, in the Brahmaputra river, is the largest inhabited riverine in the world.
Q.13 what is the literal meaning of doab?
Answer : Doab is made up of 2 words-- 'do' meaning to and 'ab' meaning water.
Q.14 what is the difference between bhangar and khadar?
Answer : Bhangar is the older alluvial.
It is less for fertile then khadar.
It has coarse grain.
Khadar:-
It is the new alluvial.
It is more fertile than bhangar.
It has fine grain.
Q.15 what is Bundelkhand and bhagel Khand?
Answer : The eastward extension of the central highland (Malwa Plateau) is known as Bundelkhand and Baghelkand.
Q.16 What is the height of Anai Mudi and Doda betta?
Answer : Anai Mudi:- 2695 m
Doda betta:- 2637m
Q.17 Write 4 to 5 sentences about Aravali hills.
Answer : These are heavily eroded and shattered hills and lie in the northern direction of the Satpura ranges. These are stretched from Gujarat to Delhi in the Southwest-Northeast direction and give rise to rivers like bananas, luni, Sakhi and Sabarmati.
Q.18 what is the largest saltwater lake in India?
Answer : The Chilika Lake is the largest saltwater lake in India. it lies in the state of Odisha, to the south of Mahanadi delta.
Q.19 what is an island?
Answer : An island means any area of land smaller than a continent and entirely surrounded by water.
Q.20 where is India's active volcano found?
Answer : India's only active volcano is found on barren Island in Andaman and Nicobar group of Islands.
CHAPTER END QUESTIONS
(I) A landmass bounded by sea on three sides is referred to as
(a) Coast
(b) Peninsula
(a) Coast
(b) Peninsula
(c) Island
(d) none of the above
Answer : Peninsula
(II) Mountain ranges in the eastern part of India forming its boundary with Myanmar are collectively called
(a) Himachal
(b) Purvanchal
(c) Uttarakhand
(d) None of the above
Answer : Purvanchal
(III) The Western coastal strip, south of Goa is referred to as
(a) Coromandel
(b) Kannad
(c) Konkan
(d) Northern circar
Answer : Kannad
(IV) The highest peak in the Eastern Ghats is -
(a) Anai Mudi
(b) Mahendra Giri
(c) Kanchenjunga
(d) Khasi
Answer : Mahendra Giri
Q.2 Answer the following questions briefly.
(i)What is the bhabar?
Answer : Bhabar is a narrow belt which lies parallel to the Shiwalik range. It is of about 8 to 16 km.
(ii) Name the three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south.
The three major divisions of the Himalayas from north to south are:- •The northernmost range is known as The Great or Inner Himalayas or Himadri.
Himachal or Lesser Himalaya.
Outer Himalayas or Shiwaliks.
(iii) Which plateau lies between the Aravali and the Vindhya ranges?
Answer : The Malwa plateau lies between Aravali and Vindhya ranges.
(iv) Name the island group of India having a coral origin.
Answer : Lakshadweep Islands is the island group of India having with a coral origin.
Q.3 Distinguish between
(i) Bhangar and Khadar
Answer: Bhangar Lies above flood plains of the river.
Older alluvium or old soil and forms the largest part of the Northern Plains.
Khadar
It is a newer, younger deposit of flood plains.
It is renewed every year.
(ii) the Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats
Answer :The Western Ghats
Lies parallel to the Western Coast.
They are continuous and can be crossed through passes only.
The Western Ghats’ average elevation is 900 – 1600 metres.
The Western Ghats cause orographic rain by facing the rain-bearing moist winds to rise along the western slopes of the Ghats.
The height of the Western Ghats progressively increases from north to south.
The Eastern Ghats
Lies parallel to the Eastern Coast.
They are discontinuous and irregular.
The Eastern Ghats are dissected by rivers flowing into the Bay of Bengal.
The Eastern Ghats average elevation is 600 metres.
Q.4.What are the major physiographic divisions of India? contrast the relief of the Himalayan region with that of the peninsular plateau.
Answer : The major physiographic divisions of India are:-
a. The Himalayan Mountain
b. The Northern Plains
c. The Peninsular Plateau
d. The Indian Desert
e. The Coastal Plains
f. The Islands
Q. Contrast the relief of Himalayan region and Peninsular
Answer : Geologically, the Peninsular Plateau constitutes one of the ancient landmasses on the earth’s surface. It was supposed to be one of the most stable land blocks. The Himalayas are the most recent landforms. From the viewpoint of geology, Himalayan mountains form an unstable zone. The whole mountain system of Himalaya represents a very youthful topography with high peaks, deep valleys and fast-flowing rivers. The northern plains are formed of alluvial deposits. The peninsular plateau is composed of igneous and metamorphic rocks with gently rising hills and wide valleys.
Q.5 Give an account of the Northern plains of India.
Answer : The northern plains are mainly formed by the alluvial deposits. The northern plain has been formed by the interconnection of the three major river systems. They are the Indus, the Ganga and the Brahmaputra along with their tributaries. This plain is completely formed of alluvial soil.
The North Indian Plains are consistently level plains of highly fertile and deep alluvial soil which increases in thickness from west to east.
They have a mild climate and a very gentle slope.
Because of high fertility, this region is agriculturally very important for the country.
Q.6 Write short notes on the following:-
(I) The Indian desert
(II) The Central highlands
(III) The Island groups of India
(i) The Indian desert
Answer : The Indian Desert lies towards the western margins of the Aravali Hills. It is an undulating sandy plain covered with sand dunes. This region receives very low rainfall. The average rainfall is below 150 mm per year. It has an arid climate with low vegetation cover. Streams appear during the rainy season. Soon after they disappear into the sand as they do not have enough water to reach the sea. Luni is the only large river in this region.
(ii) The Central Highlands
Answer : Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau. The part of the Peninsular plateau lying to the north of the Narmada river, covering a major area of the Malwa plateau, is known as the
The Central Highlands are wider in the west but narrower in the east. The eastward extensions of this plateau are locally known as the Bundelkhand and Baghelkhand. The Chotanagpur plateau marks the further eastward extension, drained by the Damodar river.
(iii) The Island groups of India
India has two groups of islands namely:
(a) Lakshadweep Islands
(b) Andaman and Nicobar islands group
Lakshadweep Islands :
(a) These island groups are located in the Arabian Sea i.e., west of Malabar coast of Kerala.(b) These islands are of coral origin formed by deposition of the dead remains,
(c) The total area of islands are 32 sq km. In Lakshadweep, administrative headquarters is in Kavaratti islands.
(d) They have a wide diversity of flora and fauna. The Pitti island, an uninhabited island has a bird sanctuary.
Andaman and Nicobar Island:
(a) These islands are located in the Bay of Bengal are the raised portion of the submerged mountain ranges projecting out of the sea water.
(b) Large in size and are more numerous. Some of them are of volcanic origin e.g. Barren island the only active volcano,
(c) These islands are of strategic importance as it lies very close to south-east Asia,
(d) The capital city is Port Blair,
(e) Experience equatorial climate and has thick forest cover.
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