Class Note 9. Civics. Chapter 3. Constitutional Design.

 कृण्वन्तो विश्वमार्यम. 

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Developed Updated at New Delhi.

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Evaluator / Observers of the page.

Dr. Telpal Singh. ( Prof.) Nainital. Department of Science

 Dr. Roopkala Prasad. (Prof.) Department of English.

Dr. Bhawana.(Prof.) Department of Geography.

Dr. Manoj Kumar Sinha. Department of History.

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Class IX.
S.St. NCERT. Class Notes. Chapter 3.Civics.

Session 22 – 23. 17th of February 2020. 

The Constitutional Design.

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Our guiding forces. 

Guru Ravindra, William Wordsworth & Sumitranandan Pant.

IX. Class. Subject. S.St. Civics. Chapter 3.

Constitutional Design ?.

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Chapter-3.

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Page : 1. Questions - Answers

Name of  Book - NCERT Write in brief

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Chapter 3
Constitutional Design ?.

Raman's Classes.

Section - A     

Hard Words / Glossary

Glossary :-

Apartheid :  the official policy of racial separation and ill treatment of blacks followed by the government of south Africa between 1948 and 1989.

Clause : a distinct section documents.

Constituent assembly :  an assembly of people's representatives that writes a constitution for a country.

Constitution : supreme law of a country, containing fundamental rules governing the politics and society in a country.

Constitutional amendment : A change in the constitution made by supreme legislative body in a country.

Draft : A preliminary version of a legal document.

Philosophy :  the most fundamental principles underlying one's thoughts and actions.
Preamble : an introductory statement in a constitution which states the reason and guiding values of the constitution.

Treason : the offence of attempting to overthrow the Government of the state to which the of offender owes allegiance.

Tryst : a meeting or meeting place that has been agreed upon.

 Inside questions 

Q.1.Who was Nelson Mandela?
Answer : Nelson Mandela was a South African leader of African National Congress who fought against apartheid for a long time.

Q.2. for how many years was Nelson Mandela imprisoned?
Answer : 28 years.

Q.3.Why do we need a constitution?
Answer : We need constitution or the following reasons:-

A constitution has written laws accepted by people living together in a country.

It generates trust and co-ordination.

It specifies how a government should be constituted.

It lays down limits on the powers of the government.

It expresses the aspirations of the people about creating a good society.
 
Q.4.State some problems faced by non white people in South Africa.
Answer : They were forbidden from living in white areas.

They could work in white areas only if they had a permit.

All the places we separated for whites and blacks. this was called as segregation.

Q.5.Who became the first President of republic South Africa?
Answer : Nelson Mandela.

Q.6.What has been considered as authority of power in India?
Answer : Constitution of India.

Q.7.What happened at the midnight of 26th April 1994?
Answer : On the midnight of 26 April 1994, The new national flag of the republic of South Africa was unfurled marking the newly born democracy in the world.

Q.8.Why did white regime decide to change its policies?
Answer : As the protest and struggles had increased, government realised that they could no longer keep the blacks under their rule through supression. Therefore, white regime decided to change its policies.

Q.9.What is meant by ‘Constituent Assembly Debates’?

Answer : The members deliberated for 114 days spread over three years. Every document presented and every word spoken in the Constituent Assembly has been recorded and preserved. These are called ‘Constituent Assembly Debates’.

Q.10.What do you mean by the term ‘sovereign’?

Answer : It means people have supreme right to make decisions on internal as well as external matters. No external power can dictate the government of India.

Q.11.Why is the Preamble called the soul of the Indian Constitution?

Answer : Because it contains the philosophy on which the entire constitution has been built. It provides a standard to examine and evaluate any law and action of government, to find out whether it is good or bad. It is the soul of the Indian Constitution.

Q.12. What is the significance of the phrase ‘We the people of India’ in the Preamble?

Answer : The preamble is an introductory part of the Constitution. It is called the key of the Constitution. “We the people of India” means the Constitution has been drawn up and enacted by the people through their representatives, and not handed down to them by a king or any outside powers.

Q.13.What are the four main ideals enshrined in the Preamble of the Indian Constitution

Answer : The ideals written in the Preamble of the Constitution are as under :

Justice: Every citizen of India will have social, economic and political justice.

Liberty: Every citizen will have the liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship.

Equality: Every citizen will be provided with the equality of status and opportunity.

Fraternity: All the citizens of India have been assured about the dignity of individual and the unity and integrity of the nation.

Q.14.When was the constitution of India adopted and enacted?
Answer : Constitution of india was adopted on 26 November 1949, and enacted on 26 January, 1950, when India became a republic.

Q.15.When was apartheid finally defeated?
Answer : Apartheid was finally defeated in 1994.

CHAPTER  END  QUESTIONS 

 
Question 1. Here are some false statements. Identify the mistake in each case and rewrite
these correctly based on what you have read in this chapter.
(a) Leaders of the freedom movement had an open mind about whether the country should be democratic or not after independence.
Answer (a): Leaders of the freedom movement had a consensus that the country should be a democratic nation after independence.
(b) Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on all provisions of the Constitution.
Answer (b): Members of the Constituent Assembly of India held the same views on the basic principles of the constitution.
(c) A country that has a constitution must be a democracy.
Answer (c): A country that is a democracy must have a constitution.
(d) Constitution cannot be amended because it is the supreme law of a country.
Answer (d): Constitution can be amended to keep up with the changes in aspirations of the society.
Question 2. Which of these was the most salient underlying conflict in the making of a democratic constitution in South Africa?
(a) Between South Africa and its neighbours
(b) Between men and women
(c) Between the white majority and the black minority
(d) Between the coloured minority and the black majority
Answer: (d) Between the coloured minority and the black majority
Question 3. Which of these is a provision that a democratic constitution does not have?
(a) Powers of the head of the state
(b) Name of the head of the state
(c) Powers of the legislature
(d) Name of the country
Answer: (b) Name of the head of the state.

Question 4. Match the following leaders with their roles in the making of the Constitution:
(a) Motilal Nehru i President of the Constituent Assembly
(b) B.R. Ambedkar ii Member of the Constituent Assembly
(c) Rajendra Prasad iii Chairman of the Drafting Committee
(d) Sarojini Naidu iv Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928
Answer
(a) Motilal Nehru - Prepared a Constitution for India in 1928
(b) B.R. Ambedkar - Chairman of the Drafting Committee
(c) Rajendra Prasad -  President of the Constituent Assembly
(d) Sarojini Naidu - Member of the Constituent Assembly
Question 5. Read again the extracts from Nehru’s speech ‘Tryst with Destiny’ and answer the following:
(a) Why did Nehru use the expression “not wholly or in full measure” in the first sentence?
Answer (a): Nehru used the expression “not wholly or in full measure” because according to him the task of building a nation is a gargantuan task which cannot be fulfilled in one’s lifetime.
(b) What pledge did he want the makers of the Indian Constitution to take?
Answer (b): The pledge that he wanted the makers of the Indian Constitution to take was to dedicate their lives to the service of India, the Indian people and the humanity at large.
(c) “The ambition of the greatest man of our generation has been to wipe every tear from every eye”. Who was he referring to?
Answer (c): He was referring to Mahatma Gandhi.
Question 6. Here are some of the guiding values of the Constitution and their meaning. Rewrite them by matching them correctly.
(a) Sovereign (i) Government will not favour any religion.
(b) Republic (ii) People have the supreme right to make decisions.
(c) Fraternity (iii) Head of the state is an elected person.
(d) Secular (iv) People should live like brothers and sisters.

Answer (a) Sovereign - People have the supreme right to make decisions.
(b) Republic -  Head of the state is an elected person.
(c) Fraternity -  People should live like brothers and sisters.

(d) Secular -  Government will not favour any religion.

Q.8 Here are different opinions about what made India a democracy. How much importance would you give to each of these factors?

Answer : Democracy in India is a gift of the British rulers. We received training to work with representative legislative institutions under the British rule.

Freedom Struggle challenged the colonial exploitation and denial of different freedoms to Indians. Free India could not be anything but democratic.

We were lucky to have leaders who had democratic convictions. The denial of democracy in several other newly independent countries shows the important role of these leaders.
Answer : Democracy was chosen as the prime value of our nation during the freedom struggle that we fought against the British. Yes, with the Indian Councils Act, Indians started participating in the councils and hence, their experiences paved the way for legislative institutions in independent India.

Freedom struggle did challenge the colonial exploitation but it worked for democracy by making laws with consensus and not imposing anything on anyone.

Our freedom struggle fought a bloodless struggle with tools like ‘Satyagraha’ and ‘Ahimsa.’ These struggles were undertaken to free India from the clutches of Britishers and give Indian the freedom they deserve.

Q.9 Read the following extract from a conduct book for ‘married women’, published in 1912. ‘God has made the female species delicate and fragile both physically and emotionally, pitiably incapable of self-defence. They are destined thus by God to remain in male protection – of father, husband and son – all their lives. Women should, therefore, not despair, but feel obliged that they can dedicate themselves to the service of men’. Do you think the values expressed in this para reflected the values underlying our constitution? Or does this go against the constitutional values?

Answer :The values expressed in the above-mentioned para do not reflect the values underlying our Constitution. Our constitution gives fundamental rights to each of its citizens regardless of gender, caste, sex, place of birth and religion. Women are given equal rights as men in our constitution through various Acts.

Q.10 Read the following statements about a constitution. Give reasons why each of these is true or not true.

a. The authority of the rules of the constitution is the same as that of any other law.

b. Constitution lays down how different organs of the government will be formed.

c. Rights of citizens and limits on the power of the government are laid down in the constitution.

d. A constitution is about institutions, not about values

Answer. a Not true because the Constitution is the supreme law.

b True, as the constitution decided the legislature, executive and judiciary role and powers.

c. True, as the Constitution has provided Fundamental Rights to each and every citizen of India.

d. Not true as the Constitution holds values on which all institutions work. Our preamble states about values – justice, liberty, fraternity, and equality.