Class Note 10. Economics. Chapter1.Development
कृण्वन्तो विश्वमार्यम.
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Developed Updated at New Delhi.
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Evaluator / Observers of the page.
Dr. Telpal Singh. ( Prof.) Nainital. Department of Science
Dr. Roopkala Prasad. (Prof.) Department of English.
Dr. Bhawana.(Prof.) Department of Geography.
Dr. Manoj Kumar Sinha. Department of History.
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Class X.
S.St. NCERT. Class Notes. Chapter 1.Economics.
S.St. NCERT. Class Notes. Chapter 1.Economics.
Development.
Session 22 – 23.
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Chapter 1 .RESOURCE & DEVELOPMENT
GLOSSARY.
Conflict - a serious disagreement or argument
Conflict - a serious disagreement or argument
Individual - single or separate
Per Capita Income - it
is the average of total money earned by the population by total population
IMT - Infant Mortality Rate
Literacy
rate - Measurement of the portion of literate population in the seven and above age group
of 7 and above
NAR - Net Attendance Ratio
HDI - Human Development Index
UNDP - United
Nation Development Program
BMI - Body Mass Index
PDS- Public
Distribution System
EXERCISES:-
Q. Development of a
country can generally be determined by
(i) Its per capita income
(ii) Its average literacy
level
(iii) Health status of its
people
(iv) All the above
Answer:-
(iv) all of the above
Q. Which of the
following neighbouring countries has better performance in terms of human
development than India?
(i) Bangladesh
(ii) Sri Lanka
(iii) Nepal
(iv) Pakistan
Answer:-
(ii) Sri Lanka
Assume there are four
families in a country. The average per capita income of these families is Rs
5000. If the income of three families is Rs 4000, Rs 7000 and Rs 3000
respectively, what is the income of the fourth family?
(i)
Rs 7500
(ii)
Rs 3000
(iii)
Rs 2000
(iv)
Rs 6000
Answer:-
(iv) 6000
What is the main
criterion used by the world Bank in classifying different countries? What are limitations
of this criterion, if any?
Answer:-
World Bank uses the per
capita income to classify different countries. The per capita income is
calculated by dividing the total income of the country by the population of the
country
The
limitations of the criterion are:
Other important factors like
literacy rate, infant mortality rate, healthcare are ignore while classifying
the countries.
Information about the unequal
distribution of income is not mentioned by The World bank.
Q. 5. In what respects is the criterion used by
UNDP for measuring development different from the one used by the World Bank?
Answer:- The criterion used by UNDP is
different from the one used by the World Bank because UNDP compares countries
based on the educational level of the people , their health status and per
capita income. This is in contrast with the method used by the World Bank
because the world bank only calculates the per capita income for measuring
development.
Q. 6.Why do we use averages? Are there any
limitations to their use? Illustrate with your own examples related to
development.
Answer:- Different countries have a different population, so calculating the average helps in getting an estimated answer which can be used to compare different things at different levels. There are limitations of calculating averages because we cannot know the difference in the income of the people and the unfair distribution of income in a country or state.
Answer:- Different countries have a different population, so calculating the average helps in getting an estimated answer which can be used to compare different things at different levels. There are limitations of calculating averages because we cannot know the difference in the income of the people and the unfair distribution of income in a country or state.
For example, if a country has very high per
capita income then we cannot say that citizens living in that country are very
rich because we are knowing about the distribution of wealth in that country.
Some people might be richer while other people might be very poorer.
Q.7.Kerala, with lower capita income has a better
human development ranking than Haryana. Hence, per capita income is not a
useful criterion at all and should not be used to compare states. Do you agree?
Discuss.
Answer:- Kerala, with lower capita income,
has a better human development ranking than Haryana. This is true because the
literacy rate, infant mortality rate, healthcare facilities, etc. are better in
Kerala in comparison to Haryana. The per capita income is only calculated by
calculating the average income of the state, irrespective of any other factor. Hence,
per capita income is not a useful criterion at all and should not be used to
compare states.
Q. 8. Find out the present sources
of energy that are used by the people in India. What could be the other
possibilities fifty years from now?
Answer:- the present sources of energy used
by people in India include firewood, coal, petroleum, crude oil, and natural
gas. The other possibilities fifty years from now can be using solar energy and
wind energy as a resource for various energy forms. This is because the current
usage of sources of energy may result in the loss of these resources for future
generations.
Q. 9. Why is the issue of
sustainability important for development?
Answer:- Sustainable development refers to using
natural resources in a manner so that they can be used by the present and
future generations. The issue of sustainability is important for development
because if the natural resources are not used carefully, they may not be
available for future generations. The depleting resources of a country may
ultimately result in a lack of development of the country.
Q. 10. “The earth has enough
resources to meet the needs of all but not enough to satisfy the greed of even
one person”. How is this statement relevant to the discussion of development?
Discuss.
Answer:- The above given statement is
completely relevant in terms of the development of a country because natural
resources are non-renewable resources. It is the responsibility of the people
to use them only to meet their needs and not to satisfy their greed. If the
natural resources are not used wisely now, the future generations may not be
able to use them for their needs, which will result in the downfall of
development of a country.
Q. 11. List a few examples of
environmental degradation that you may have observed around you.
Answer:- A few examples of environmental
degradation that we can observe around us are:
Pollution caused by vehicles and
the excess use of fuels in vehicles.
Industrial waste collected in
residential areas and discarded into water bodies.
Deforestation
Minning
Soil erosion
The
increased pollution in environment has resulted in global warming and depletion
of glaciers and the atmospheric conditions.
Q. 12. For each of the items given
in table 1.6, find out which country is at the top and which is at the bottom.
Answer:- As per table 1.6, Sri Lanka tops in
all four categories. It has the highest Gross National Income, Life expectancy
at birth, mean years of schooling of people aged 25 and above HDI rank in the
world. Nepal has the lowest Gross National Income among the given countries.
Pakistan has least expectancy at birth and ranks the lowest HDI rank in the
world among the given countries. Mean years of schooling of people aged 25 and
above is the lowest in Nepal and Myanmar.
Q.13. The following table shows the
proportion of adults (aged 15-49 years) whose BMI is below normal (BMI<18.5
kg/m2) in India. It is based on a survey of various states for the
year 2015-16. Look at the table and answer the following questions.
|
state |
Male |
Female |
|
Kerala Karnataka Madhya pradesh |
8.5 17 28 |
10 21 28 |
|
All States |
20 |
23 |
(i) Compare the
nutritional level of people In Kerala and Madhya Pradesh.
Answer:-
The nutritional level of
people in Kerala is higher than the nutritional level of people in Madhya
Pradesh.
(ii) Can you guess why
around one-fifth of people in the country are undernourished even though it is
argued that there is enough food in the country? Describe in your words.
Answer:-
It is argued that there is
enough food In the country because of the following reason Ø A large number of people are so
poor that they cannot afford nutritious food.
Ø In most of the states, the public
distribution system (PDS) does not function properly and poor people cannot get
food items.
Ø There is lack of educational and
health facilities in many parts of the country. So many people remain backward.
Good
ReplyDelete